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''De Notenkraker'' (Dutch: "The Nutcracker") was a Dutch political and satirical weekly magazine published between 1907 and 1936. In 1902 ''Het Zondagsblad'' appeared for the first time, a Sunday supplement to the newspaper Het Volk of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Dutch acronym: SDAP). In 1907 the supplement was renamed ''De Notenkraker''. Unlike ''Het Volk'', which contained mostly heavy political articles with few illustration, ''De Notenkraker'' contained many cartoons and other illustrations. Famous cartoonist from the early period of the periodical included Leendert Jordaan and Albert Hahn senior. Hahn drew cartoons against the Dutch monarchy and Abraham Kuyper (prime minister 1901-1905 and founder of the Anti Revolutionary Party. Other contributors to ''De Notenkraker'' included Anton Kristians (pseudonym Toon Krias) and starting in 1920 the Belgian George Van Raemdonck. ''Het Volk'' and ''De Notenkraker'' chiefly criticized the close relationship between the monarchy and the capitalist bourgeoisie. The monarchy was attacked as a supported of the ruling class, which did little to help the working classes. As more socialist splinter groups appeared, such as the Communist Party of the Netherlands and the Independent Socialist Party, the periodicals also criticised groups on the left. By the beginning of World War One in 1914, many cartoons criticized militarism and war. Notably, Albert Hahn Sr. created powerful illustrations about the destruction that war sows. Hahn died before the end of the war in 1918. After that ''De Notenkraker's'' quality went down noticeably, until the arrival of a new generation of illustrators in the 1930s. At the end of 1918 ''De Notenkraker'' has about 8000 subscribers, compared to about 30,000 for ''Het Volk'' and almost 40,000 SDAP party members. A subscriptions to ''Het Volk'' at that time cost 0.20 guilders per week or 2.50 guilders (a rijksdaalder) per three months. A subscription including ''De Notenkraker'' cost 25 cents per week, or 3.50 guilders per three months, 4.15 guilders in the Dutch East Indies. In 1919, A.M. de Jong became editor of ''Het Volk'', and a year later he was made editor of art and serials as well. In 1922 he introduced as part of the paper the massively popular illustrated series 'Bulletje en Boonestaak'. He wrote the text himself and George Van Raemdonck illustrated them. A.M. de Jong was also editor of ''De Notenkraker'', for which he wrote the serial 'Het Verraad' ("Treason"). When Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, German politics was dealt with on numerous covers and in numerous illustrations, and illustrated articles. Illustrators from this time included George Van Raemdonck, Tjerk Bottema, Jan Rot, Albert Hahn, Jr., Paul van Reen and Albert Funke Küpper. Funke Küpper became the driving force behind ''De Notenkraker'' starting in the 1920s. After his early death in 1934 the paper was discontinued; the last issue was in July 1936. After Funke Küpper's death other socialist publications became popular with more photographs such as ''Wij'' and the ''VARA Radio Guide''. ==References== * (Lambiek.net ) * (''‘De Notenkraker’, Korte schets van een ‘politiek-satyriek weekblad’, 1907-1936''. Groningen, 2006 ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「De Notenkraker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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